Free 6-page guide

R2 vs S3

AWS S3 has a fee most engineers ignore until their first real bill arrives. It's called egress — and it charges you every time a user retrieves a file you already paid to store. Here's the decision, the numbers, and how to fix it.

Free 6-Page Guide

AWS S3 has a fee most engineers ignore until their first real bill arrives. It's called egress — and it charges you every time a user retrieves a file you already paid to store. Here's the decision, the numbers, and how to fix it.

What's inside

What egress fees are — and why S3 charges you more the bigger your product gets
Two retrieval touchpoints (analysis vs library display) and what each costs at scale
Real cost projections at 1K, 5K, and 10K customers based on actual video file data
The three-line AWS SDK change to point your existing code at R2 instead of S3
A step-by-step migration checklist for moving existing S3 objects to R2

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01
What You Get
What egress fees are — and why S3 charges you more the bigger your product gets
Two retrieval touchpoints (analysis vs library display) and what each costs at scale
Real cost projections at 1K, 5K, and 10K customers based on actual video file data
The three-line AWS SDK change to point your existing code at R2 instead of S3
A step-by-step migration checklist for moving existing S3 objects to R2
02
The Details

What's inside

Every video-processing SaaS has two retrieval paths. The first is analysis — your server pulls the file from the bucket to run the pipeline. The second is library display — your app generates pre-signed URLs and the browser fetches videos directly. On S3, both events trigger egress at $0.09/GB. On R2, neither does.

This guide models the real cost at scale using actual processed video data — average 5.7 MB per file, 30 videos per customer per month, 10 logins per month. At 10,000 customers, S3 costs $711/month. R2 costs $300. The entire gap is egress.

Includes the exact AWS SDK v3 config change to migrate your client to R2, the three environment variables you need, Cloudflare's no-code Data Migration tool for existing buckets, and a post-migration checklist to verify everything works end-to-end.

Who this is for

Developers building video or media-heavy SaaS who are on S3 or about to choose a storage provider
Solo builders who want to model infrastructure costs before they scale — not after
Engineers who know their way around AWS but haven't evaluated whether S3's pricing model works at their target scale

About the author

Jonathan is a software engineer at Amazon, building Hookem — an AI tool that analyses what makes content go viral — alongside his day job.

Every product decision is documented in public. These guides are the written version of that process.

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